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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a target, a prize for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that's as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all the documents you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than Continue service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.